Each piston comes to a complete stop and reverses direction before the next one starts its power stroke, which results in a gap between power strokes, especially at lower engine speeds (RPM). In a four-cylinder engine, only one piston is on a power stroke at any given time. Six-cylinder designs have less pulsation in the power delivery than four-cylinder engines, due to the overlap in the power strokes of the six-cylinder engine. To reduce the vibrations caused by this imbalance, most V6 engines use a harmonic damper on the crankshaft and/or a counter-rotating balance shaft.
Straight-six engines and flat-six engines do not experience this imbalance. The displacement of modern V6 engines is typically between 2.5 to 4.0 L (153 to 244 cu in), though larger and smaller examples have been produced, such as the 1.8 L (110 cu in) Mazda V6 used in the 1991–1998 Mazda MX-3, or the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mitsubishi V6 engine used in the 1992–1998 Mirage/ Lancer, while the largest V6 built was the 7.8 L (476 cu in) GMC V6 used in the 1962 GMC C/K series 6500.Īll V6 engines-regardless of the V-angle between the cylinder banks-are subject to a primary imbalance caused by each bank consisting of an inline-three engine, due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank. Some sports cars use flat-six engines instead of V6 engines, due to their lower centre of gravity (which improves the handling). A downside for luxury cars is that V6 engines produce more vibrations than straight-six engines.
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